2015µ³Ô±ŒWÁ•Ê®°Ë½ìÎåÖÐÈ«»áÐĵÃÌå»á·¶ÎÄ1
µ³µÄÊ®°Ë½ìÎåÖÐÈ«»áÊÇÎÒµ³ÀúÊ·ÉϵÄеÄÀï³Ì±®£¬ÊǸıäÖйúÃæÃ²µÄÓÖÒ»¸öÖØÒª¹Ø¼ü½Úµã£¬È«»á¸ß¾Ù¸Ä¸ï¿ª·Å´óÆì£¬ÎªÈ«ÊÀ½çËùÖõÄ¿¡£È«»á½áÊøºó£¬×÷ΪÃÀ¹ú×ÜÍ³ÌØÊ¹£¬ÃÀ¹ú²ÆÕþ²¿³¤ÑŸ÷²¼?¬(JacobLew)ÓÚÖÜÎå(11ÔÂ15ÈÕ)·Ã»ª£¬³ÆÔÞÖй²Ê®°Ë½ìÎåÖÐÈ«»á¹«±¨¹´»³öÁË"ÐÛͼ´óÂÔ"¡£ÃÀ¹úÐÂÀϸ߹ÙÒ²·×·×À´»ª£¬ŒWÁ•ÈýÖÐÈ«»á£¬Á˽âÖйúÐÛÐÄ¡£ÔÚÅ·Ö޵¹ú£¬×î´óµÄ˽ÈË»ù½ð»á??Ä«¿¨Íлù½ð»á£¬ÈÕǰÐû²¼5ÄêÄÚͶ×Ê1840ÍòÅ·Ôª£¬³ÉÁ¢Å·ÖÞ×î´óµÄÖйúÎÊÌâÑо¿Ëù¡£Ñо¿ËùµÄÖ÷ÒªÈÎÎñ£¬ÊÇͨ¹ý¶ÀÁ¢ºÍʵ¼ÊÑо¿£¬ÏòµÂ¹úչʾһ¸ö¶àÔªµÄÖйúÐÎÏó¡£¹ú¼ÊÉϵÄÕâЩÐж¯£¬·´Ó³³öÊ®°Ë½ìÎåÖÐÈ«»á¾Þ´óµÄÈ«ÇòÓ°ÏìÁ¦¡£
È«»áÉóÒéͨ¹ýµÄ¡¶Öйú¹²²ú*¹ØÓÚÈ«ÃæÉ¸Ä¸ïÈô¸ÉÖØ´óÎÊÌâµÄ¾ö¶¨¡·£¬¸ßÎݽ¨ê²£¬Á¢Òâ¸ßÔ¶£¬ÆÆÊг¡èäèô´ëÊ©ÓÐÁ¦£¬Ä±´óÖÚ¸£ìí̬¶ÈÏÊÃ÷£¬±Ø½«µÃµ½È«¹ú¸÷Ãñ×å¡¢¸÷½ç±ðÈËÃñµÄ³ä·ÖÀí½â¡¢ÖÔÐÄÓµ»¤£¬±Ø½«Íƶ¯ÖйúµÄºÍгÎȶ¨¡¢³ÖÐø·¢Õ¹¡¢´´ÐÂáÈÆð¡£
*ÔÚ¹ØÓÚ¡¶Öй²ÖÐÑë¹ØÓÚÈ«ÃæÉ¸Ä¸ïÈô¸ÉÖØ´óÎÊÌâµÄ¾ö¶¨¡·µÄ˵Ã÷ÖÐ˵£º¡°35ÄêÀ´£¬ÎÒÃÇÓøĸïµÄ°ì·¨½â¾öÁ˵³ºÍ¹ú¼ÒÊÂÒµ·¢Õ¹ÖеÄһϵÁÐÎÊÌ⡣ͬʱ£¬ÔÚÈÏʶÊÀ½çºÍ¸ÄÔìÊÀ½çµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬¾ÉµÄÎÊÌâ½â¾öÁË£¬ÐµÄÎÊÌâÓÖ»á²úÉú£¬ÖƶÈ×ÜÊÇÐèÒª²»¶ÏÍêÉÆ£¬Òò¶ø¸Ä¸ï¼È²»¿ÉÄÜÒ»õí¶ø¾Í¡¢Ò²²»¿ÉÄÜÒ»ÀÍÓÀÒÝ¡±¡£ÕâÊÇÒ»¶ÎÓÐÉîºñÕÜѧÒ⺵ϰ£¬ÎÒÃǵÄÊÀ½ç´¦ÔÚ²»¶ÏµÄÔ˶¯ÖУ¬Æ½ºâÊÇÏà¶ÔµÄ£¬²»Îȶ¨µÄ£¬²»Æ½ºâ²ÅÊǾø¶ÔµÄ£¬ÎÒÃÇ×ÜÊÇÔÚ²»¶Ï´òÆÆÆ½ºâÖÐǰ½ø¡£¹ÄÀøÎÒÃÇÒª·Ü·¢ÓÐΪ£¬²»¿ÉÒòÑÊØ¾É£¬Òª¸Ò´³¸Ò¸É¡£
ÎÒ×÷ΪÕòÕþ¸®¸É²¿£¬¶Ô*¹ØÓÚ·´¸¯³«Á®¹¤×÷µÄоٴëÌØ±ð¹Ø×¢£¬Ê®°Ë´óºó£¬*¾ö¶¨¿ªÕ¹µ³µÄȺÖÚ·Ïß½ÌÓýʵ¼ù»î¶¯£¬*Ö¸³ö£º¡°¿ªÕ¹µ³µÄȺÖÚ·Ïß½ÌÓýʵ¼ù»î¶¯£¬¾ÍÊÇÒª°ÑΪÃñÎñʵÇåÁ®µÄ¼ÛÖµ×·ÇóÉîÉîÖ²¸ùÓÚÈ«µ³Í¬Ö¾µÄºÍÐж¯ÖС±¡£Ê®°Ë½ìÎåÖÐÈ«»á¸ü¼Ó½«·´¸¯³«Á®½¨ÉèÌá¸ßµ½Ò»¸öи߶ȣ¬Ö÷ÒªÐÂÔÚ¶Ô·¨Öεĸ߶ÈÇ¿µ÷£¬²¢´ÓÖÆ¶È½¨ÉèÉÏ×ÅÑÛ£¬Ñ°Çó½«È¨Á¦¹Ø½øÖƶȵÄÁý×ÓÀï¡£
ÎÒÈÏÕæÔĶÁÁË¡¶Öйú¹²²ú*¹ØÓÚÈ«ÃæÉ¸Ä¸ïÈô¸ÉÖØ´óÎÊÌâµÄ¾ö¶¨¡·ÒÔ¼°*¹ØÓÚ¡¶Öй²ÖÐÑë¹ØÓÚÈ«ÃæÉ¸Ä¸ïÈô¸ÉÖØ´óÎÊÌâµÄ¾ö¶¨¡·µÄ˵Ã÷£¬ÉîÊܹÄÎ裬¶Ô׿¹úµÄδÀ´³äÂúÐÅÐÄ¡£ÔÚÏÖʵ¹¤×÷ÖУ¬ÎÒҪעÒâ·¢ÏÖ²¢ÇÐʵ½â¾öÐÐÕþЧÂʵÍϵÄÎÊÌ⣬¶Å¾ø¡°ÃÅÄѽø£¬Á³ÄÑ¿´£¬ÊÂÄѰ족µÄÏÖÏó£¬Å¬Á¦´òÔì·çÇ寸ÕýµÄ·¢Õ¹Èí»·¾³£¬³ä·Ö·¢»Ó´´ÔìÐÔ£¬»ÓÈ÷¹¤×÷¼¤Ç飬×ö³ö³ÉЧ¡£
2015µ³Ô±ŒWÁ•Ê®°Ë½ìÎåÖÐÈ«»áÐĵÃÌå»á·¶ÎÄ2
Ê®°Ë½ìÎåÖÐÈ«»á½«Íƶ¯Öйú½øÐÐÐÂÒ»ÂָĸÖйú¾ÞÂÖ½«ÔÙ´ÎÑï·«Æðº½£¬Ì¤ÉÏеĸĸ﷢չÕ÷³Ì¡£µ³µÄÊ®°Ë½ìÎåÖÐÈ«»á½«¼ÌÐøË³Ó¦¸Ä¸ïµÄ³±Á÷£¬ÍÅ½á´øÁìÈ«¹ú¸÷×å¶ùÅ®£¬ÔÚ½¨ÉèÓÐ*ΰ´óÊÂÒµµÄ¿µ×¯´óµÀÉÏ£¬°ºÊ×ǰ½ø¡£
Ê÷Á¢´ó¾ÖÒâʶ¡£´ó¾ÖÒâʶ¾ÍÊǼᶨС¾Ö·þ´Ó´ó¾Ö£¬Ôڹؼüʱ¿Ì£¬Ó뵳ί¡¢Õþ¸®±£³Ö¸ß¶ÈÒ»Ö¡£½øÒ»²½Ç¿»¯µ³µÄÊ®°Ë½ìÎåÖÐÈ«»á¾«ÉñΪÖ÷µÄÖ÷µ¼£¬ÀιÌÊ÷Á¢´ó¾ÖÒâʶ£¬½ûÖ¹³öÏÖÎÞ´ó¾Ö¡¢ÎÞ×éÖ¯¡¢ÎÞÔÔòµÄʼþ¡£¼Ó±¶ÕäϧĿǰµÄ´óºÃÐÎÊÆ£¬ÕäϧºÃµ±Ç°ºÍгÎȶ¨µÄÉç»á»·¾³¡£
Ê÷Á¢·þ´ÓÒâʶ¡£µ³Ô±¸É²¿·þ´ÓÊÇÌìÖ°£¬Òª²»ÕÛ²»¿Û¡¢²»×ßÑù¡¢²»±äÐεÄÖ´Ðкõ³µÄ¸÷Ïî¾öÒé¡£»ù²ã¸É²¿ÒªÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ¸ÚλÉÏʼÖÕ¼á³Ö×Å¡°°ÑÀ§ÄÑÁô¸ø×Ô¼º£¬°Ñ·½±ãÏ׸ø×éÖ¯¡±£¬Ê±¿ÌÒÔÒ»ÃûÓÅÐã¹²²úµ³Ô±µÄ±ê×¼ÑϸñÒªÇó×Ô¼º¡£
Ê÷Á¢ÔðÈÎÒâʶ¡£¡°ÔÚÆäλ£¬Ä±ÆäÕþ¡±£¬×÷ΪһÃû¸É²¿£¬ÏµÖ°ÔðËùÔÚ£¬ÔÚÆä¹¤×÷¸ÚλµÄʱ¼äÊÇÓÐÏ޵ģ¬ÔÚλһÌ죬Ӧ¾¡Ò»ÌìµÄÔð£¬×ö³öÒ»ÌìµÄ³É¼¨¡£ÔÚ¹¤×÷ÖУ¬ÎÒÃÇÒªÒÔʵ¼ÊÐж¯ÖÒ³ÏÂÄÖ°£¬·¢ÑïÂÝË¿¶¤¾«Éñ£¬Å¬Á¦ÔÚÆ½·²µÄ¸ÚλÉÏ£¬×ö³ö²»Æ½·²µÄÒµ¼¨¡£
Ê÷Á¢ÍŶÓÒâʶ¡£¡°ÖÚÈËʰ²ñ»ðÑæ¸ß¡±£¬ÌåÏÖÁËÒ»¸öÍŶÓÐÄÍùÒ»´¦Ï룬¾¢ÍùÒ»´¦Ê¹£¬¹¤×÷²ÅÓиɾ¢£¬²ÅÄܳöÒµ¼¨¡£Ò»¸öºÃµÄ°à×Ó£¬Òª¼á³Ö×öµ½Í¬ÐÄ¡¢Í¬Ïò¡¢Í¬²½£¬Ã¿¸öÈËʼÖÕ×öµ½¡°²»Ô½Î»¡¢²»È±Î»¡¢²»´íλ¡¢²»Ê§Î»¡±£¬¸÷¾Í¸÷룬²ÅÄܱ£Ö¤Õû¸öÍŶÓÓÐÁ¦¡¢¸ßЧµÄÔË×÷¡£
Ê÷Á¢´´ÏÈÒâʶ¡£ÔÚÈÕÐÂÔÂÒìµÄ½ñÌ죬²ÉÓùýÈ¥µÄ´«Í³°ì·¨£¬ºÜÄÑÈ¡µÃʵЧ£¬ÒªÇóÎÒÃÇ»ù²ã¸É²¿ÒªÊ÷Á¢´´ÏÈÒâʶ£¬ÒªÓÐÄõóöÊֵġ°ºËÎäÆ÷¡±ÈÃ×Ô¼ºÁ¢ÓÚ²»°ÜÖ®µØ£¬ÒԸ߱ê×¼¡¢¸ßЧÂÊ¡¢¸ßˮƽµÄ¹¤×÷Òµ¼¨Ëµ»°¡¢·þÖÚ¡£
¸Ä¸ïÊÇÍÆ¶¯Öйú·¢Õ¹½ø²½µÄ¶¯Á¦£¬ÊÇÍÆ¶¯È«µ³È«¹ú¸÷×åÈËÃñÍŽá·Ü¶·µÄ²»½ß¶¯Á¦¡£ÎÒµ³ºÍ¸÷×å¶ùÅ®±ØÐë×¥½ô¹¤×÷£¬×¥½ôÂäʵ£¬Àø¾«Í¼ÖΣ¬ÎªÊµÏÖÈ«Ãæ½¨³ÉС¿µÉç»áµÄºêΰĿ±ê´òϼáʵµÄ»ù´¡¡£ÎÒÃÇÒªºÁ²»¶¯Ò¡×ßµ³ºÍÈËÃñÔÚ³¤ÆÚʵ¼ùÖпª±Ù³öÀ´µÄ¸Ä¸ïµÀ·£¬²»ÎªÈκηçÏÕËù¾å¡¢²»ÎªÈκθÉÈÅËù»ó£¬ÒÔ¸ü¼Ó¿í¹ãµÄÐØ»³Ó½ÓеĻúÓöºÍÌôÕ½¡£¸Ä¸ïʼÖÕÊÇÍÆ¶¯µ³ºÍÈËÃñÊÂÒµ·¢Õ¹µÄÇ¿´ó¶¯Á¦£¬±ØÐëºÁ²»¶¯Ò¡Íƽø¸Ä¸ï£¬ÓÀ²»½©»¯¡¢ÓÀ²»Í£ÖÍ£¬ÍŽáÒ»ÇпÉÒÔÍŽáµÄÁ¦Á¿£¬µ÷¶¯Ò»ÇпÉÒÔµ÷¶¯µÄ»ý¼«ÒòËØ£¬Õ½Ê¤Ç°½øµÀ·ÉϵÄÒ»ÇÐÀ§ÄѺͷçÏÕ¡£
δÀ´·¢Õ¹Ò²±ØÐë¼á¶¨²»ÒÆÒÀ¿¿¸Ä¸ï£¬ÕâÊÇÎÒ¹ú¹ýȥȡµÃ»Ô»Í³É¾ÍµÄ³É¹¦¾Ñ飬Êǵ³ºÍÈ«¹ú¸÷×åÈËÃñÔÚÃþË÷ǰ½øÖеõ½µÄÆÕ±é¹²Ê¶¡£ÎÒ¹ú¹ýÈ¥30¶àÄêµÄ¿ìËÙ·¢Õ¹¿¿µÄÊǸĸÎÒ¹úδÀ´·¢Õ¹Ò²±ØÐë¼á¶¨²»ÒÆÒÀ¿¿¸Ä¸ï¡£Ê®°Ë½ìÎåÖÐÈ«»áÕÙ¿ª£¬ÎÒµ³½«Ê¼ÖÕ²»Ó嵨¼á³Ö¸Ä¸ïÕþ²ß£¬¼á³Ö½«¸Ä¸ï¾«Éñ¹á³¹µ½ÖιúÀíÕþ»ù±¾·½ÂÔÖ®ÖУ¬¸ü¼Ó×Ô¾õ¡¢¸ü¼Ó¼á¶¨µØÍƽø¸Ä¸ï´´Ð£¬²»¶ÏÔÚÖÆ¶È½¨ÉèºÍ´´Ð·½ÃæÂõ³öв½·¥£¬·ÜÁ¦°Ñ¸Ä¸ï¹¤×÷ÍÆÏòǰ½ø¡£